Approaches of Institutionalizing the Upstream Policy in the Elements of the Value Chain of Content Production in the news section of the IRIB

Objective
The present research aimed to identify the strategies of institutionalization of upstream policies in the elements of the value chain of content production in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), with an emphasis on IRIB news. The main question of this research is how to implement upstream policies among the elements of the value chain of content production in IRIB, emphasizing the news of IRIB. Considering that one of the important ways to implement policies is their institutionalization, to answer the main question of this research, solutions have been followed to institutionalize upstream policies among the elements of the content production value chain in IRIB. In response to the sub-questions, the researcher has tried to identify and present the barriers to the institutionalization of policies and the driving factors of upstream policies among the elements of the content production value chain in IRIB. The results of this research depend on the application of the concept of value chain analysis. By dividing the organization's activities into main and supporting activities, the value chain analysis seeks to identify the activities that have the greatest effect on the organization's output and product. When the activities and people who perform these activities are properly known, more investment can be made in these activities and people to realize the policies.
Research Methodology
Since the researcher is looking for ways to institutionalize upstream policy in the value chain of IRIB news elements, he has conducted several exploratory interviews with IRIB news experts to identify the scope of IRIB news. By analyzing the content of these interviews, the conceptual model of IRIB's news value chain, based on Porter's value chain model, has been obtained. This research is fundamental in terms of its purpose and qualitative research in terms of the nature of the data used; The collection of library information for this research was in the form of documents and field studies based on semi-structured interviews with IRIB news experts. The data collected from the previous stage has been processed by theme analysis and the research findings include solutions for the institutionalization of upstream policies, as well as the driving factors and barriers to the institutionalization of these policies.
Findings
The findings of the research include 16 practical and constructive main themes that can help to institutionalize upstream policies in the elements of the news value chain of IRIB organization. These 16 themes are in three categories 1. Solutions, 2. Obstacles and 3. The driving factors of the institutionalization of upstream policies are introduced in the elements of the IRIB news value chain. Among the obstacles that hamper IRIB from institutionalizing upstream policies in the elements of the news value chain, we can mention the inappropriate exposure of IRIB managers to upstream politics, the lack of an institutionalization mechanism in IRIB news, and the inappropriate formulation of upstream policies. Also, one of the driving factors of institutionalization is the connection of the elements of the news value chain with appropriate applied research, special attention to the reporter and editor as the most important elements of the news value chain, and attention to the job issues of the elements of the news value chain.
Discussion & Conclusion
Based on the findings of this research, if IRIB wants to be successful in implementing upstream policies, policymakers must be familiar with the field of news programming, news operations, and policy-making knowledge. It is in this case that the formulated policy becomes closer to the IRIB news space and its realization becomes achievable. After the formulation of the policy, the appendices related to the implementation of the policy should be written clearly and with an explanation of the details of the policy in the implementation phase. In this regard, if more attention is paid to two important elements of the news value chain, i.e. editor and reporter, who have the greatest impact on the news, the result of the policy implementation will be well seen in the news output. Also, in the policy implementation evaluation part, attention is paid only to the quantitative and qualitative aspects of policy implementation, which is one of the important things to measure the level of implementation of upstream policies in the elements of the news value chain, to check the news output. The addition of effectiveness measurement in the evaluations of the news output, causes the message to be transmitted by the elements of the news value chain to the audience in accordance with the upstream policies. In this way, managers can better understand the level of understanding of the value chain elements from the upstream policy and can plan for it.