نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی و کارآفرینی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مدیریت رسانه، پردیس البرز، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Objective
Cognitive warfare is the art of using technological tools to alter the cognition of human targets, who are often unaware of any such attempt - as are those entrusted with countering, minimizing, or managing its consequences, whose institutional and bureaucratic reactions are too slow or inadequate. Cognitive warfare is to weaponize or weaponize public opinion, through a foreign institution, in order to influence public and government policies and destabilize public institutions. Cognitive warfare, such as psychological warfare and information warfare, relies heavily on new communication and information technologies, especially artificial intelligence. This study has been carried out with the aim of compiling a cognitive war road map in technological media, and in this regard, answers to four basic questions in the field of goals, basic activities, tactics and tools as well as the necessary key infrastructures are provided.
Research Methodology
Philosophically, this research is interpretive, inductive approach, and strategy based on narrative literature review. A narrative review is the type first-year college students often learn as a general approach. Its purpose is to identify a few studies that describe a problem of interest. Narrative reviews have no predetermined research question or specified search strategy, only a topic of interest. They are not systematic and follow no specified protocol. No standards or protocols guide the review. Although the reviewers will learn about the problem, they will not arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the state of the science related to the problem. The reason for using a narrative review was the lack of richness of existing literature in the field of war science in cyber space. In total, 30 research reports, including articles, book chapters, dissertations and treatises, and case reports published by organizations related to warfare, were identified and analyzed using thematic analysis technique.
Findings
According to the results, the important goals of cognitive warfare in the cyber space are: infiltration, instability, delegitimization, destruction of social capital, loss of trust, division, discrediting, destroying the opponent and manipulation of the public's cognition and Elite. In the second level, cognitive operation planning, cognitive monitoring, cognitive engineering, cognitive campaign planning, cognitive campaign design, cognitive analysis and resilience, containment and defense against cognitive attacks were found to be the key and fundamental activities in a cognitive war. In the third level, that is, cognitive war tools and tactics, eight themes were extracted from the literature, which are as follow: cyberspace and social media, production and dissemination of unrealistic negative content, exploitation of cognitive biases, propaganda, psychological operations, data distortion and cognitive invasion. Finally, three topics including cognitive war technologies, neuroscience and operational experts were identified as basic cognitive war infrastructures.
Discussion & Conclusion
A war that requires a weapon called media literacy for all members of the society to be able to recognize and stand against such a war of inequality. Media literacy, in the sense of an act of thinking, whose main role is to recognize the situation, criticize, analyze and understand media messages. For example, cultural differences as well as ethnic differences are phenomena that can be improved with media literacy. In some countries, due to discrimination, cultural differences and political conflicts, they are placed together with false facts and information, which are reduced by media literacy training and training people with an analytical perspective. If the masses of people know media literacy and can distinguish between false and true messages, they can defeat the enemy and thwart his plans for chaos and subversion from within. In addition, with regard to the destructive goals of war science, it is possible through training after the end of the attack, to remove the effect of impressionable people, to protect the psyche against emotional stimulation and correct cognitive errors, as well as legal encounters, in order to find and punish the perpetrators of cognitive warfare, the security forces effectively countered cognitive warfare in order to teach the next elements of the enemy in the society.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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